Additional Topic: Memory
Cover the complete Memory option: stores, working-memory components, supporting studies and forgetting.
How to study Higher Psychology
Build each answer from accurate psychological knowledge, named evidence, application to behaviour, analysis and justified evaluation.
Core concepts
Concept 1
multi-store model: sensory register, short-term and long-term memory
Exam cue: Use coding, capacity and duration to compare stores or components.
Concept 2
coding, capacity and duration
Exam cue: Identify which working-memory component the task requires.
Concept 3
working memory: central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad and episodic buffer
Exam cue: Apply the most relevant forgetting explanation to the scenario.
Concept 4
trace decay, interference, absent context or state cues, and brain damage
Concept 5
one study for each memory model
Risk pitfalls and guardrails
Treating short-term memory and working memory as identical theories.
Guardrail: Avoid deterministic claims, unsupported causation and generic evaluation disconnected from the named evidence.
Claiming absence of a cue means the memory no longer exists.
Guardrail: Avoid deterministic claims, unsupported causation and generic evaluation disconnected from the named evidence.
Listing component names without functions or evidence.
Guardrail: Avoid deterministic claims, unsupported causation and generic evaluation disconnected from the named evidence.
Memory anchors
Multi-store flow
Information passes through sensory register, short-term memory and potentially long-term memory.
Central executive
Allocates attention and coordinates working-memory components.
Phonological loop
Processes and rehearses speech-based and auditory information.
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Processes visual and spatial information.
Episodic buffer
Integrates information across components and long-term memory into coherent episodes.
Forgetting routes
Distinguish trace decay, interference, missing context or state cues, and brain damage.
Checkpoint rule
Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.
Knowledge Check (after reading)
Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.
Check-up Questions
In the multi-store model, which store first holds incoming sensory information very briefly?
What process transfers attended information from the sensory register to short-term memory?
Answer all questions to submit.
Next step personalized recommendations
Continue learning
Move forward only after this module is stable.
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