Topic module

Contract Formation and Parties

Offer and acceptance, consideration, intention, certainty, capacity, privity and third-party rights.

Long-form learning

Concept to Risk to Memory to Check-up

Use closed-book rule anchors, realistic client facts, primary-classification ranges and an ethical decision check across every subject.

Core concepts

Concept 1

Distinguish offer from invitation, identify valid acceptance and resolve communication, revocation and counter-offer issues.

Exam cue: Build a chronological agreement map of offer, response, value and intention.

Concept 2

Apply consideration rules and recognise deed or estoppel issues without treating every promise as enforceable.

Exam cue: Identify who seeks to enforce which term and on what basis.

Concept 3

Test intention, certainty and capacity in the transaction's commercial or domestic context.

Concept 4

Apply privity and statutory third-party rights by term, identification, variation and defence.

Risk pitfalls and guardrails

Treating silence as acceptance without a valid legal basis.

Guardrail: Check the sitting-specific law cutoff and reject any answer that imports an FLK2 rule as the controlling subject.

Assuming a beneficiary can always enforce a promise despite privity.

Guardrail: Check the sitting-specific law cutoff and reject any answer that imports an FLK2 rule as the controlling subject.

Memory anchors

Contract Formation and Parties: scope

Offer and acceptance, consideration, intention, certainty, capacity, privity and third-party rights.

Contract Formation and Parties: focus 1

Distinguish offer from invitation, identify valid acceptance and resolve communication, revocation and counter-offer issues.

Contract Formation and Parties: focus 2

Apply consideration rules and recognise deed or estoppel issues without treating every promise as enforceable.

Contract Formation and Parties: focus 3

Test intention, certainty and capacity in the transaction's commercial or domestic context.

Contract Formation and Parties: focus 4

Apply privity and statutory third-party rights by term, identification, variation and defence.

Checkpoint rule

Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.

Knowledge Check (after reading)

Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.

1-2 question checkpoint

Next step personalized recommendations

Move forward only after this module is stable.

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