Frailty, Falls and Cognitive Syndromes
Use comprehensive geriatric assessment to manage delirium, dementia, falls and functional decline.
How to prepare for MRCP(UK) Part 2 Written
Use the official likely question distribution to protect breadth, then practise extracting decisive clinical and visual evidence before selecting one best answer.
Core concepts
Concept 1
Baseline and acute function, cognition, mobility, medicines, continence, nutrition, social context and patient goals.
Exam cue: Delirium, serious injury, syncope, acute neurological change, abuse or inability to maintain safety.
Concept 2
Treat reversible causes, reduce hazards, restore function and coordinate multidisciplinary and transition plans.
Exam cue: Use collateral history, focused causes, orthostatic and cardiovascular assessment, cognition and functional measures.
Risk pitfalls and guardrails
Attributing acute change to age, dementia or frailty without finding the cause.
Guardrail: Do not select an option merely because it is true; choose the one that best fits the exact clinical task, urgency and time point.
Selecting an option that is true in isolation but does not best answer the exact clinical task.
Guardrail: Do not interpret a visual pattern without the modality, clinical context and the exact task in the stem.
Memory anchors
What frames Frailty, Falls and Cognitive Syndromes?
Baseline and acute function, cognition, mobility, medicines, continence, nutrition, social context and patient goals.
Which frailty, falls and cognitive syndromes findings change urgency?
Delirium, serious injury, syncope, acute neurological change, abuse or inability to maintain safety.
How should investigations be chosen in frailty, falls and cognitive syndromes?
Use collateral history, focused causes, orthostatic and cardiovascular assessment, cognition and functional measures.
What guides management in frailty, falls and cognitive syndromes?
Treat reversible causes, reduce hazards, restore function and coordinate multidisciplinary and transition plans.
What common error should be avoided in frailty, falls and cognitive syndromes?
Attributing acute change to age, dementia or frailty without finding the cause.
Checkpoint rule
Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.
Knowledge Check (after reading)
Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.
Check-up Questions
An 84-year-old woman becomes acutely inattentive and disoriented after hip surgery. Her alertness fluctuates and she sees insects on the wall. What is the diagnosis?
An 81-year-old man with delirium is pulling at lines. He is hypoxic, in urinary retention and cannot hear staff because his aids are absent. What is the first management step?
Answer all questions to submit.
Next step personalized recommendations
Continue learning
Move forward only after this module is stable.
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