Topic module

CKD, Glomerular Disease and Renal Replacement

Stage chronic kidney disease, recognise glomerular syndromes and manage complications, dialysis and transplantation.

Long-form learning

Concept to Risk to Memory to Check-up

Use the official likely question distribution to plan breadth, then connect mechanisms, patterns and investigations to one most appropriate answer.

Core concepts

Concept 1

CKD risk combines eGFR trend, albuminuria, cause and complications.

Exam cue: Confirm chronicity and use trend.

Concept 2

Urine pattern, renal function and systemic features distinguish glomerular syndromes.

Exam cue: Link dialysis or transplant complications to timing and immune status.

Risk pitfalls and guardrails

Diagnosing CKD from one low eGFR.

Guardrail: Do not select an option merely because it is true; choose the one that best answers the exact stem and fits the full pattern.

Missing rapidly progressive glomerular disease.

Guardrail: Do not select an option merely because it is true; choose the one that best answers the exact stem and fits the full pattern.

Memory anchors

What defines CKD assessment?

Duration, eGFR category, albuminuria category, cause and evidence of kidney damage.

What suggests nephritic disease?

Haematuria with active sediment, hypertension, impaired renal function and variable proteinuria.

What suggests nephrotic disease?

Heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and thrombotic or infective risk.

Which CKD complications need surveillance?

Anaemia, bone-mineral disorder, acidosis, fluid overload, potassium and cardiovascular disease.

What changes after transplantation?

Rejection, infection, medicine toxicity, malignancy risk and graft function require coordinated review.

Checkpoint rule

Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.

Knowledge Check (after reading)

Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.

1-2 question checkpoint

A patient has eGFR 48 mL/min/1.73 m² on repeated tests over 5 months. What does this establish?

A patient with CKD has persistent albuminuria. Why is the albumin-creatinine ratio clinically important?

Answer all questions to submit.

Next step personalized recommendations

Move forward only after this module is stable.

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