Viewpoints and Position
Track whose claim is being reported, endorsed, criticised or left unresolved throughout the passage.
How to prepare for the LNAT
Practise exact passage reasoning rather than subject recall, then build a repeatable 40-minute process for choosing, planning, writing and reviewing one essay.
Core concepts
Concept 1
A writer may report a view accurately without accepting it.
Exam cue: Attach every important claim to its speaker or source.
Concept 2
Attribution markers and contrast words help separate the writer's voice from another person's position.
Exam cue: Notice transitions that move from a reported position to the writer's response.
Concept 3
A fair answer preserves the degree of commitment shown in the passage.
Exam cue: Ask whether the writer accepts all, part or none of the stated view.
Risk pitfalls and guardrails
Assigning a quoted or reported claim to the author.
Guardrail: Do not import outside knowledge into Section A or substitute fluent assertion for supported reasoning in Section B.
Treating a concession as abandonment of the main position.
Guardrail: Do not import outside knowledge into Section A or substitute fluent assertion for supported reasoning in Section B.
Turning cautious agreement into complete endorsement.
Guardrail: Do not import outside knowledge into Section A or substitute fluent assertion for supported reasoning in Section B.
Memory anchors
Who Says It?
Attribute the claim before evaluating what it contributes.
Report Is Not Endorsement
A writer can present a position without accepting it.
Contrast Pivot
Words such as but, however and yet often signal a change of viewpoint.
Concession
Granting one point can strengthen rather than surrender the main argument.
Degree of Commitment
Match may, probably and must with equally careful answer language.
Position Ledger
Keep a simple record of each viewpoint and the writer's response.
Checkpoint rule
Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.
Knowledge Check (after reading)
Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.
Check-up Questions
For “A Mural of the Town”, what role does the proposed panel replacement play?
For “A Mural of the Town”, which reason supports revising the mural?
Answer all questions to submit.
Next step personalized recommendations
Continue learning
Move forward only after this module is stable.
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