Motion, Forces and Elasticity
Interpret kinematics and graphs, resolve resultant forces and apply Hooke’s law and Newton’s laws.
How to prepare for the current ESAT
Confirm your course combination, build no-calculator fluency from Mathematics 1 upward, and use official Pearson materials for authentic timing and interface rehearsal.
Core concepts
Concept 1
Distinguish scalar and vector motion quantities and use gradients and areas on motion graphs.
Exam cue: Choose a positive direction before using velocity or force.
Concept 2
Draw force diagrams and connect resultant force to acceleration.
Exam cue: Name every force and the body on which it acts.
Concept 3
Use force-extension evidence, elastic limits and Newton’s three laws.
Exam cue: Check whether the force-extension graph remains proportional.
Risk pitfalls and guardrails
Using speed where signed velocity is required.
Guardrail: Do not use calculator-dependent shortcuts, import a fact outside the annual specification or overlook a unit, sign, scale or course-module boundary.
Pairing Newton’s third-law forces on the same body.
Guardrail: Do not use calculator-dependent shortcuts, import a fact outside the annual specification or overlook a unit, sign, scale or course-module boundary.
Applying Hooke’s law beyond the proportional region without evidence.
Guardrail: Do not use calculator-dependent shortcuts, import a fact outside the annual specification or overlook a unit, sign, scale or course-module boundary.
Memory anchors
Gradient of v–t
Acceleration.
Area under v–t
Displacement.
Resultant force
The vector sum of all forces on one body.
Hooke
F = kx within the proportional region.
Newton 2
Resultant force equals mass times acceleration.
Newton 3
Equal and opposite same-type forces act on different bodies.
Checkpoint rule
Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.
Knowledge Check (after reading)
Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.
Check-up Questions
A car travels 150 m in 12 s. Mean speed?
Velocity changes 4 to 16 m s⁻¹ in 3 s. Acceleration?
Answer all questions to submit.
Next step personalized recommendations
Continue learning
Move forward only after this module is stable.
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