1. Structure and Classification of Law
Civil and criminal law, common law and equity, burdens and standards, objectives, remedies and case citation.
How to study the CPQ Foundation stage
Prepare each separately assessed component on its own terms, then connect law, regulation, client service and research across the full stage.
Core concepts
Concept 1
Civil and criminal proceedings differ in purpose, parties, proof and remedies.
Exam cue: Classify the dispute before selecting a procedure or remedy.
Concept 2
Common law, equity and legislation interact, with equitable principles and remedies supplementing legal rights.
Exam cue: Separate the source of a right from the remedy sought.
Concept 3
Accurate classification controls the court route, standard of proof and available outcome.
Exam cue: Use the correct burden, standard and case citation for the context.
Risk pitfalls and guardrails
Using the criminal standard of proof in a civil claim.
Guardrail: Do not mix module boundaries, confuse marks with item counts, exceed professional authority or rely on an outdated or unverified legal source.
Treating equity as a separate modern court system.
Guardrail: Do not mix module boundaries, confuse marks with item counts, exceed professional authority or rely on an outdated or unverified legal source.
Assuming every successful claim produces damages.
Guardrail: Do not mix module boundaries, confuse marks with item counts, exceed professional authority or rely on an outdated or unverified legal source.
Memory anchors
Civil or criminal?
Identify parties, purpose, burden, standard and remedy.
Law and equity
Legal and equitable rules are administered together but retain distinct principles and remedies.
Classification first
The legal category directs procedure, proof and outcome.
Checkpoint rule
Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.
Knowledge Check (after reading)
Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.
Check-up Questions
A company seeks compensation after a supplier breaches a private agreement. How should the claim be classified?
Who normally bears the burden of proving a criminal charge?
Answer all questions to submit.
Next step personalized recommendations
Continue learning
Move forward only after this module is stable.
What is Pass Harbor?
Completely free exam prep for 247 UK exams.
- Practice questions
- Flashcards
- Study guides
- Mock exams
- No registration
- No paywall
- Start instantly
“No more expensive exam prep. Quality study tools should be accessible to everyone.”