3. Consideration
Sufficiency, past consideration, existing duties, part payment, promissory estoppel and deeds.
How to study the CPQ Foundation stage
Prepare each separately assessed component on its own terms, then connect law, regulation, client service and research across the full stage.
Core concepts
Concept 1
Consideration must be sufficient but need not be economically adequate.
Exam cue: Identify the requested promise and value moving in exchange.
Concept 2
Past acts and existing duties require careful analysis for fresh value or practical benefit.
Exam cue: Ask when the act occurred relative to the promise.
Concept 3
Promissory estoppel may restrain insistence on strict rights but is not a general substitute for formation.
Exam cue: Separate common-law consideration from equitable estoppel.
Risk pitfalls and guardrails
Treating nominal value as no consideration.
Guardrail: Do not mix module boundaries, confuse marks with item counts, exceed professional authority or rely on an outdated or unverified legal source.
Assuming every existing duty supplies fresh value.
Guardrail: Do not mix module boundaries, confuse marks with item counts, exceed professional authority or rely on an outdated or unverified legal source.
Using promissory estoppel as an independent cause of action.
Guardrail: Do not mix module boundaries, confuse marks with item counts, exceed professional authority or rely on an outdated or unverified legal source.
Memory anchors
Consideration
Something sufficient in law moving in exchange for the promise.
Past act
Usually no consideration unless it followed a request with understood payment.
Estoppel
A shield against inequitable insistence on strict rights, not a general sword.
Checkpoint rule
Do the check-up only after you can summarize each concept in one sentence and identify one dangerous pitfall from memory.
Knowledge Check (after reading)
Short check-up to confirm understanding of this module.
Check-up Questions
What is consideration?
Must consideration be economically adequate?
Answer all questions to submit.
Next step personalized recommendations
Continue learning
Move forward only after this module is stable.
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